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 Informality and Employment
 
Globalisation and Informal Jobs in Developing Countries
A recent study undertaken by the ILO and WTO provides a comprehensive analysis of how trade and the informal economy interact and how well designed trade and decent work policies can contribute to more favourable employment outcomes. The report elaborates on how globalization has thus far had a limited effect in reducing labour market vulnerabilities in many developing countries, with some instances even being reported of how trade reforms have increased labour market vulnerabilities in the short term, with positive benefits accruing in terms of employment and wages only in the long term. Further, it has been argued that informal labour markets in fact weaken export performance in developing countries. The role for policy in increasing benefits from globalization to developing countries is recognized, through implementing trade reforms with an eye on job creation and also exploiting the complementarities between trade and labour market reforms. The report provides an overview of how to balance global pressures of economic integration and labour market dualism within developing countries.
 
   
  Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries available at
http://www.oecd.org/document/54/0,3343,en_2649_33935_42024438_1_1_1_1,00.html
   
  Rethinking Informalization - Poverty, Precarious Jobs and Social Protection edited by Neema Kudva and Lourdes Beneria – Cornell University
   
  Social Protection for Informal Workers: Insecurities, Instruments and Institutional Mechanisms–paper by Jeemol Unni and Uma Rani
   
 
A Practitioner’s Guide to Evaluating the Impacts of Labour Markets Programs – World Bank, Employment Policy Primer, December 2009, No. 12 - Explores issues that are important for impact evaluation of employment programs, both in the design and analysis stages.
   
 
Economic Growth, Social Protection and 'Real' Labour Markets, Sarah Cook, James Heintz and Naila Kabeer (eds.) (2008), IDS Bulletin - Vol 39 No 2 Discusses how the working poor contribute to, and benefit from, economic growth through labour markets and paid work, but employment generation has not featured significantly in the macroeconomic agenda. Articles cover the changing nature of the global economy, flexible labour market policies in different regions of the world, conceptualisation of labour markets, implications for macroeconomic policies, and the scope for social protection. For more details see
http://www.socialprotectionasia.org/economic-growth.asp
   
 
Mainstreaming Gender and Social Protection for the Informal Economy –
Naila Kabeer, 2008 – This book, originally brought out by the Commonwealth Secretariat has now also been published by Routledge, India, covering aspects on the gendered dimension of risk, vulnerability, and insecurity and hence the gendered need for social protection.
   
  ILO Global Employment Trends Report 2009 -
Examines what we know already about the impact of the crisis on jobs and what we could expect from several possible scenarios of the way it might evolve in the year ahead.
   
  World of Work Report 2009 - The Global Jobs Crisis and Beyond – ILO and IILS
   
 
How should Labour Market Policy respond to the Financial Crisis - HD and PREM Labor Market Teams, April 2009 - Argues that an effective policy package to tackle the financial crisis should include, besides macroeconomic policies and direct cash transfers, a combination of passive and active labor market programs.
   
 
The Food-for-Work Policy and Expansion of Rural Employment in Poor Areas in Western China - Zhu Ling, Jiang Zhongyi 2004 - This study examines China’s public works programmes and their impact on job creation and poverty alleviation in rural Western China.
   
 
   
 
Indonesia: Extension of Social Insurance Coverage to the Informal Economy– ILO Provides an analysis of the social security needs assessment of workers in the informal economy in both urban and rural areas and provides a basis for the formulation of policy to extend contributory social security coverage to workers in the informal economy.
   
 
The Challenge of Employment in India – An Informal Economy Perspective – Report of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, April 2009 – Examines deficits in employment in both quantity and quality in India
   
 
Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector – Report of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, August 2007 – Analyses the conditions of work and issues in livelihood promotion along with a set of recommendations for the unorganized sector.
   
  Labour and Social Protection Network of the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation - http://www.apec.org/apec/apec_groups/som_committee_on_economic/working_groups/human_
resources_development/labour_social_protection_network.html
   
  Social Protection and Labour at The World Bank
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALPROTECTION/0,,menuPK:282642
~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:282637,00.html
   
  Labour Markets and Social Protection at the Asian Development Bank
http://www.adb.org/SocialProtection/labor.asp
   
  Ministry of Labour-Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA), Vietnam - http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=vi&u=http://www.molisa.gov.vn/&ei=
uesS5buHMmekQWO6pyOBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmolisa%26hl%3Den
   
  Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,en_2649_33729_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
   
  International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/
   
  The Indian Society of Labour Economics -
http://www.isleijle.org/
   
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